Quantifying the role of higher order neoclassical corrections to gyrokinetics in tokamak plasmas

Abstract We implement the higher order gyrokinetic theory developed in Dudkovskaia et al (2023 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 65 045010), reduced to limit of B ϑ / 0 ≪ 1 , where B 0 is tokamak equilibrium magnetic field, and ϑ its poloidal component, local turbulence code, GS2. The principal motivation for this extension quantify importance neoclassical flows electromagnetic gyrokinetics, with a particular interest sharp pressure gradient regions bootstrap current becomes dominant. To incorporate physics, GS2 coupled NEO, multi-species drift kinetic solver. It found that microinstabilities are most likely be influenced by effects pedestal plasma spherical core plasma.